When the volume of data packets exceeds the carrying capacity of a network segment, it primarily results in increased packet delays and potential losses. This is because the network cannot handle the excessive load, leading to buffered or dropped packets. Other options like 'Enhanced throughput' and 'Reduced latency' represent misunderstandings of network congestion effects - higher traffic volumes degrade, rather than improve, performance characteristics. 'Automatic rerouting of traffic', although possible through certain configurations, is not a direct consequence of congestion.
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