A network engineer is tasked with selecting the appropriate cabling for a new link between data centers that will support long-distance, high-speed data transmissions. Which type of cable should the engineer choose?
Single-mode fiber
Coaxial cable
Direct attach copper (DAC) cable
Multimode fiber
Single-mode fiber uses a very small (≈9 µm) core that carries only one light mode. This eliminates modal dispersion, so signals can travel tens of kilometers-about 10 km with standard 10GBASE-LR optics and up to 40 km (10GBASE-ER) or roughly 70-80 km (10GBASE-ZR/ZX) with extended-reach optics-before optical amplification is required. Multimode fiber can also carry high-speed traffic but is usually limited to a few hundred meters (for example, OM4 supports about 550 m at 10 Gbps). Coaxial cable and direct-attach copper cables are copper-based media and are generally limited to well under 200 m, making them unsuitable for long-haul data-center interconnects. Therefore, single-mode fiber is the best choice for this scenario.
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