A network technician is configuring monitoring for a critical WAN router. Management requires an immediate, unsolicited notification whenever any of the router's interfaces goes down or comes back up, without relying on constant polling from a management station. Which SNMP feature should the technician enable on the router to BEST meet this requirement?
Enable port mirroring on the affected interfaces
Activate flow export (NetFlow/IPFIX) on the router
Establish an out-of-band management network for monitoring
SNMP traps are asynchronous messages generated by an SNMP agent and sent to an SNMP manager. Standard traps such as linkDown and linkUp allow the device to notify the manager instantly when an interface status changes, eliminating the need for frequent polling. Port mirroring only copies traffic to another interface, flow export provides statistical data after the fact, and an out-of-band management network offers a separate path for management traffic but does not in itself generate alerts.
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