The 100BASE-SX standard is associated with short wavelength multimode fiber optics, designed for use in Fast Ethernet applications. The standard identifies a maximum segment length of 300 meters using multimode fiber, which is shorter when compared to single-mode fiber's capabilities for long distances. Twisted pair categories like Cat 5, Cat 6, and coaxial cables like RG-6 are not specified for the 100BASE-SX standard as they are copper-based solutions and don’t utilize optical transmission.