A medical assistant is taking a patient's medical history. The patient reports having had chickenpox as a child. The medical assistant should recognize that this information is clinically significant because the varicella-zoster virus can reactivate later in life, causing which of the following conditions?
The correct answer is herpes zoster. The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox (varicella) as its primary infection. After the initial illness, the virus remains dormant in the body's nerve cells and can reactivate years later, causing herpes zoster, which is also known as shingles. Herpes simplex is caused by a different virus in the same family, typically causing oral or genital sores. Rubeola is the virus that causes measles, and variola is the virus that causes smallpox; both are different from VZV.
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