AAMA CMA Practice Question

Proceeding with a procedure after a patient has explicitly refused or expressed dissent may lead to an accusation of assault, as it involves an intentional act that causes the patient to fear an imminent harmful or offensive contact without their consent. Battery is the actual physical contact that is harmful or offensive, which is not the case here since the question states the procedure has not yet occurred. Negligence and malpractice relate to the failure in meeting the standard of care, not the immediate threat perceived by the patient.