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ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Practice Question

Your organization has established an IPsec site-to-site VPN between its on-premises firewall and an AWS virtual private gateway. During performance testing, large file transfers (packets over about 1400 bytes) consistently fail, while small pings succeed. Packet captures show repeated ICMP "fragmentation needed" messages and no ESP packets larger than 1420 bytes. Which common IPsec deployment issue is most likely responsible for this behavior?

  • Phase 1 is configured for aggressive mode instead of main mode, leading to periodic re-authentication and packet loss.

  • Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is disabled, so the reuse of keying material triggers replay protection and discards large packets.

  • The VPN is using transport mode rather than tunnel mode, so exposed inner headers are being filtered by intermediate routers.

  • ESP overhead causes packets to exceed the path MTU, and with the DF bit set they cannot be fragmented, so large packets are dropped.

ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)
Cryptography
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