ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Practice Question
During troubleshooting between two Linux-based application servers exchanging data over TCP across a VPN, you notice recurring zero-window notifications that trigger packet retransmissions. You explain to a junior colleague that the protocol enforcing segmentation, reliable end-to-end delivery, and flow control operates at which OSI layer?
Zero-window advertisements and retransmissions are features of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that breaks large messages into segments, numbers them, manages acknowledgments, and applies sliding-window flow control to prevent buffer overruns. These responsibilities-segmentation, reliability, and flow control-are core functions of the Transport layer (Layer 4) in the OSI model. The Session layer manages dialog control, the Network layer handles logical addressing and routing, and the Data Link layer deals with framing and physical addressing on a single link; none of these layers provide TCP's end-to-end reliable delivery and flow control.
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ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)
Network and Communication Security
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