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ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Practice Question

During an investigation you observe a finance server issuing hundreds of DNS requests per minute to exfil.example.net. Each query includes a long base64-like string in the subdomain (e.g., dXNlcmRhdGE=.exfil.example.net) and the replies are TXT records. The firewall allows only ports 53 and 443 outbound, and proxy logs show no large HTTPS transfers. Which data-theft technique is most likely in use?

  • Exfiltration through DNS tunneling that embeds data in query and TXT record payloads

  • Embedding sensitive data inside TLS certificate fields sent over HTTPS

  • Steganography by hiding files inside outbound JPEG images delivered over HTTP

  • Covert timing channel that hides data in TCP ACK sequence numbers

ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)
Systems and Application Security
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