ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Practice Question
During a post-incident investigation, a security analyst reviews CloudTrail logs, EBS snapshots, and network packet captures related to a suspected data exfiltration from an Amazon S3 bucket. She must deliver a written forensic report to executive management and outside counsel. According to accepted digital forensics practice for presenting objective findings, which approach best ensures the report's conclusions remain defensible and free of bias?
Begin the report with the analyst's expert opinions and recommended countermeasures, followed by supporting evidence in an appendix.
Cite each observation with its corresponding log entry, timestamp, and hash value, and avoid including unverified opinions or speculation.
State that the activity was performed by the primary suspect because their IAM user appeared most frequently in the logs.
Remove most technical terminology so non-technical stakeholders can easily read the document, even if some precision is lost.
Forensic reporting standards such as NIST SP 800-86 and ISO/IEC 27037 stress that conclusions must be based solely on verifiable facts. The analyst should reference specific evidence (log entries, timestamps, hash values) and clearly separate these factual observations from any interpretations. Attributing intent without corroborating proof, front-loading opinions, or oversimplifying by stripping necessary technical detail may introduce bias or reduce accuracy, undermining the report's objectivity and legal defensibility.
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ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)
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