ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Practice Question
A security administrator manages multiple production AWS accounts. Compliance mandates a detective control that records every API call, including security-group modifications, and stores the logs centrally for at least 90 days. Investigators must be able to identify the calling IAM principal and its source IP address. Which AWS service combination MOST effectively satisfies this requirement?
Enable Amazon VPC Flow Logs for all VPCs and stream the logs to CloudWatch Logs for analysis and retention.
Create an organization-wide, multi-region AWS CloudTrail trail and deliver the logs to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket with 90-day retention.
Activate AWS Config rules that detect security-group changes and store configuration snapshots in an S3 bucket.
Turn on Amazon GuardDuty in every account and forward findings to EventBridge for centralized storage.
AWS CloudTrail is the detective control designed to record every API call made within an AWS account. A multi-region, organization-wide trail delivered to an S3 bucket preserves log files well beyond 90 days and captures details such as the IAM identity that made the call, the source IP address, request parameters, and response elements. VPC Flow Logs only capture network flow metadata and cannot show who invoked a change to a security group. AWS Config records resource configuration states and can trigger alerts, but it does not include the full caller identity or originating IP for every API call. Amazon GuardDuty generates threat-detection findings from several data sources; while useful, it does not provide a complete, immutable log of every API operation. Therefore, enabling AWS CloudTrail with centralized S3 storage best meets the stated detective-control requirement.
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ISC2 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)
Security Concepts and Practices
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