Junior engineers only need to view the files, so read-only (r--) is sufficient. Senior engineers must be able to read and modify the files, which requires read and write (rw-). The CI service must execute the scripts; to do so it also needs to read the file's contents, so read plus execute (r-x) is required. Granting more rights (such as letting juniors execute or seniors execute, or giving everyone full rwx) would violate least privilege, and execute-only (--x) will usually fail for shell scripts because the interpreter still needs read access. Therefore, the combination r-- / rw- / r-x implements the correct set of permissions.
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