ISC2 Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional (CSSLP) Practice Question
While designing the order-processing module of an e-commerce platform, you find that the persistence layer uses optimistic locking by keeping a version column in each order row. Under heavy load, frequent update conflicts cause users to repeat transactions. To reduce the risk of lost updates in this high-contention situation, which change would be most effective?
Lower the transaction isolation level to READ UNCOMMITTED so concurrent updates proceed without blocking.
Replace row-level versioning with a single version counter for the entire table to apply optimistic locking at table scope.
Remove the version column and let the database accept the last update that arrives (last-write-wins).
Adopt pessimistic concurrency by locking each row for update as soon as it is read, blocking other writers until the transaction commits.
Optimistic locking excels when update collisions are uncommon, but in a workload where many transactions try to change the same order records, repeated rollbacks and retries delay users and still leave a window for lost updates. Switching to pessimistic locking solves the problem by taking an exclusive row-level lock as soon as the row is read (for example, with "SELECT … FOR UPDATE"). Competing writers must wait until the first transaction commits or rolls back, so only one update can succeed, eliminating lost-update scenarios. Lowering the isolation level to READ UNCOMMITTED reduces read consistency and may still allow lost updates, while dirty writes remain disallowed by the database. Removing the version column adopts a last-write-wins strategy that silently overwrites concurrent changes. Using a single table-level version counter only widens the contention area and does not guarantee integrity.
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ISC2 Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional (CSSLP)
Secure Software Implementation
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