ISC2 Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional (CSSLP) Practice Question
A Linux microservice must accept HTTP connections on port 80, then parse user-supplied files. To honor the runtime least-privilege principle, which implementation approach is most appropriate?
Run the entire service as root but restrict outbound traffic with iptables rules.
Start as root solely to bind to port 80, then immediately setuid to a non-privileged service account before handling any requests.
Execute the microservice as root inside a Docker container, relying on container isolation for protection.
Launch the service as an unprivileged user and use sudo each time it needs to write its log file.
Binding to a port below 1024 requires root (or the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability). Once the privileged action is complete, continuing execution as root increases the blast radius of any flaw in the file-parsing logic. Dropping privileges immediately after binding-by calling setuid() to switch to a dedicated, unprivileged service account-limits what the process can do if it is compromised. Firewalls, containers, or intermittent sudo do not remove the broader privileges held by the running process and therefore do not satisfy the requirement as effectively.
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What is the least-privilege principle in security?
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ISC2 Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional (CSSLP)
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