ISC2 Governance, Risk and Compliance (CGRC) Practice Question
While validating evidence for an access-control audit, you discover that the live firewall rule set differs from the approved baseline. The firewall administrator explains the change was an emergency exception approved verbally last week. Which action best satisfies evidence verification requirements before you document your finding?
Review the change-management system for written approval and supporting tickets that authorize the rule change.
Accept the administrator's explanation as adequate evidence and proceed with the report.
Classify the control as non-compliant immediately because the baseline was not followed.
Compare the current firewall rules to industry best practices to decide whether the change is acceptable.
Evidence must be sufficient, reliable, and relevant. A verbal statement alone is not reliable; the assessor should corroborate it with documentary proof. Examining the organization's change-management system for a written approval and supporting ticket provides objective documentation that confirms (or refutes) the administrator's claim. Relying solely on the interview, judging the configuration against best practice, or immediately declaring non-compliance would all fail to validate the evidence properly.
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What is change-management in cybersecurity?
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Why is documentary proof critical during an audit?
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What makes evidence 'sufficient, reliable, and relevant'?
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What is a change-management system and why is it used in access-control audits?
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Why is verbal approval considered insufficient evidence in an audit?
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How do emergency changes affect compliance in access-control audits?
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ISC2 Governance, Risk and Compliance (CGRC)
Assessment/Audit of Security and Privacy Controls
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