ISC2 Governance, Risk and Compliance (CGRC) Practice Question
During the Select step of the NIST Risk Management Framework (RMF), a system owner determines that several controls in the chosen baseline exceed mission needs and could impede usability. According to RMF guidance and sound governance practice, which action should the owner take next?
Deploy the system first and request a waiver for the excessive controls during the authorization phase.
Apply the entire baseline as written to ensure maximum protection despite usability concerns.
Tailor the baseline by scoping, parameterizing, or substituting compensating controls and record the rationale in the security plan.
Postpone the control decision until the Implement step to gather additional operational data.
NIST RMF expects organizations to begin with an appropriate baseline and then tailor it to fit the system's specific mission, business, and operational context. Tailoring includes scoping out controls that are not applicable, adjusting control parameters, or substituting compensating controls that achieve the same objectives with less impact. These decisions and their justifications must be documented in the system security plan so that assessors and authorizing officials understand how risk is being managed. Simply applying all controls without evaluating relevance ignores the governance principle of aligning security with business objectives. Deferring the decision to a later RMF step or waiting for a waiver after deployment fails to follow the structured risk management process and can lead to unmanaged risk or project delays.
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ISC2 Governance, Risk and Compliance (CGRC)
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