ISC2 Governance, Risk and Compliance (CGRC) Practice Question
During Step 5 of the NIST RMF you learn that a critical buffer-overflow flaw exists in a public-facing encryption library. The system owner and ISSO agree the code can be patched, but development and testing will take three months. Which action best reflects a risk mitigation approach that also secures stakeholder concurrence before the authorization decision?
Record the vulnerability and planned three-month fix in a POA&M and seek the authorizing official's approval of the mitigation schedule.
Arrange for cyber-liability insurance to cover potential losses if the flaw is exploited.
Recommend shutting down the server until a replacement encryption module is available, eliminating exposure entirely.
Mark the issue in the Security Assessment Report as negligible operational risk, requiring no further action.
Risk mitigation seeks to lower residual risk by planning and implementing additional safeguards. Under the RMF, weaknesses that cannot be corrected immediately are recorded in a Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M), which details the specific corrective measures, required resources, responsible parties and completion dates. Submitting this POA&M to the authorizing official (AO) for approval gains formal stakeholder concurrence on both the need to mitigate and the proposed schedule. Simply re-labeling the finding as low impact accepts rather than mitigates the risk, purchasing insurance transfers the risk, and shutting the server down is risk avoidance. Therefore, documenting the flaw in a POA&M and obtaining AO approval is the correct mitigation-focused response.
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What is a POA&M in the Risk Management Framework?
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Who is the Authorizing Official (AO) in the RMF process?
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What is the role of the ISSO in handling vulnerabilities during Step 5 of RMF?
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What is the NIST RMF (Risk Management Framework)?
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What is a POA&M (Plan of Action and Milestones)?
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What does the Authorizing Official (AO) do in the RMF process?
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ISC2 Governance, Risk and Compliance (CGRC)
System Compliance
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