ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) Practice Question
Your organization operates several virtual firewall appliances in a public IaaS network. Periodic security reviews show that device rulesets sometimes differ from the approved baseline after administrators perform ad-hoc troubleshooting. As the cloud security professional tasked with strengthening configuration management, which control will BEST ensure that every firewall instance continuously enforces the desired configuration and that all modifications are recorded for later audit and rollback?
Activate the cloud provider's automatic operating system patching service for the firewall virtual machines.
Deploy a desired-state configuration management tool that periodically reapplies version-controlled firewall policies to each virtual appliance.
Enable comprehensive flow logging on the virtual network and forward the logs to the SIEM for real-time alerting.
Place all firewall VMs in a dedicated management subnet and restrict administrator access through security groups and jump hosts.
Using a stateful configuration management platform such as Ansible, Puppet, or Chef allows you to define the approved firewall configuration as code, store it in a version-controlled repository, and regularly re-apply it to every instance. This desired-state enforcement detects and automatically corrects drift, while the repository and tool logs provide a complete audit trail and the ability to roll back unwanted changes. Network flow logging, access-control segmentation, and automated OS patching are valuable but do not continuously validate or remediate firewall rule changes, nor do they maintain detailed configuration histories.
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ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)
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