ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) Practice Question
During a penetration test of a cloud-hosted microservice, the tester demonstrates that appending the string " OR 1=1 --" to a query parameter returns all rows from the backend database. The development team is preparing a hot-fix and wants to eliminate this vulnerability across all future services. Which secure coding practice best addresses the underlying issue during development rather than relying on compensating controls?
Build all database interactions with parameterized queries or prepared statements that bind user input as data.
Perform output encoding on every value returned from the database before sending the HTTP response.
Upgrade the service-to-database connection to use TLS 1.3 with mutual authentication.
Deploy a web application firewall rule that rejects any request containing a single quotation mark.
The vulnerability is classic SQL injection caused by dynamically concatenating untrusted input into SQL commands. Using parameterized queries (prepared statements) forces the database engine to treat user input strictly as data, not executable code, thereby neutralizing injection attempts. Sanitizing output helps prevent data leakage but does not stop injection. TLS only protects data in transit and is unrelated to query construction. A WAF rule that blocks certain characters is a reactive, brittle control and does not correct the flawed coding pattern in the application itself.
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ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)
Cloud Application Security
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