ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) Practice Question
During a compliance audit of your organization's public IaaS environment, the auditor asks for evidence that the underlying hypervisor is patched and configured according to a recognized benchmark. The cloud provider refuses to share the hypervisor configuration files or screenshots of the management console, citing multi-tenant security and proprietary information. Which specific assurance challenge of virtualization does this situation illustrate, and therefore should be addressed in future contractual language or right-to-audit clauses?
Inability to run vulnerability scans inside guest operating systems
Absence of perimeter firewalls between tenant virtual networks
Lack of encryption for data at rest on virtual machine disks
Limited transparency into provider-controlled hypervisor and virtualization management layers
Because the cloud customer does not control the virtualization layer, it often lacks direct visibility into the hypervisor and its management plane. This limited transparency makes it difficult for auditors to verify that baseline hardening, patching, and configuration controls are in place and operating effectively. While data-at-rest encryption, guest OS scanning, and virtual network firewalls are important, the tenant can usually implement or validate those controls themselves. Hypervisor configuration evidence, however, resides solely with the cloud provider, creating a unique assurance gap that must be mitigated through contractual rights, third-party attestations (e.g., SOC 2, ISO 27017), or cooperative audit agreements.
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Why is limited transparency into the virtualization layer a major concern in cloud environments?
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What steps can organizations take to address limited hypervisor transparency contractually?
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What are SOC 2 and ISO 27017, and how do they help cloud customers with assurance gaps?
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ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)
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