ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) Practice Question
A cloud provider is designing a multi-tenant DevOps PaaS that lets customers upload and run arbitrary build scripts during their CI/CD pipelines. The security team requires strong isolation so a compromised build job cannot read host files or affect other tenants, while operations staff need the solution to start in milliseconds and support thousands of concurrent jobs per host with minimal resource overhead. Which sandboxing technique best satisfies both isolation and performance requirements in this scenario?
Operating-system level containers that use Linux namespaces and cgroups
Host-based application whitelisting enforced through a mandatory access control policy
Full virtual machines deployed on a bare-metal Type-1 hypervisor
Traditional chroot jails inside the host operating system
Operating-system level containers implement sandboxing by wrapping each build job in its own set of kernel namespaces and cgroups. This confines the job's view of the filesystem, processes, network, and device nodes while limiting its CPU and memory usage. Because containers share the host kernel, they start quickly and consume far fewer resources than full virtual machines, enabling high job density. Full VMs provide strong isolation but impose significant memory, storage, and boot-time overhead. A simple chroot jail offers only filesystem separation and lacks process or network isolation, making it inadequate. Host-based application whitelisting or mandatory access controls can harden the OS but do not create discrete runtime sandboxes for each untrusted script.
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ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)
Cloud Application Security
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