ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) Practice Question
A cloud migration team must secure a three-tier application hosted in a public IaaS virtual network. Policy requires that (1) only HTTPS from the Internet can reach the public load balancer, (2) application VMs accept traffic only from the load-balancer subnet, (3) database VMs accept traffic only from the application subnet, and (4) no VM can initiate direct Internet access. Which solution BEST enforces these requirements while still following the principle of least privilege?
Attach a single network ACL to the Internet gateway that permits HTTPS and blocks all other traffic.
Deploy a managed web application firewall in front of the load balancer and rely on its default configuration.
Enable host-based firewalls on every VM and disable all cloud-provided network controls to avoid rule conflicts.
Associate separate stateful network security groups with each subnet and create specific inbound and outbound rules for the web, application, and database tiers.
Using distinct, stateful network security groups (NSGs) on each subnet lets administrators create narrowly scoped inbound and outbound rules for the web, application, and database tiers. This meets the inbound HTTPS restriction, blocks unwanted east-west traffic, and can explicitly deny all egress to the Internet except through an approved NAT gateway, satisfying all four policy points. An ACL placed only at the Internet gateway cannot control internal or outbound flows. A web application firewall focuses on inspecting inbound HTTP(S) and offers no segmentation or egress control. Relying exclusively on host-based firewalls removes a cloud-native control layer and complicates centralized management, making it a weaker and less scalable choice.
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ISC2 Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)
Cloud Concepts, Architecture and Design
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