Which security control most directly enforces confidentiality by converting readable information into an unreadable form that only authorized users possessing the correct key can restore to plaintext?
Redundancy
Encryption
Hashing
Logging
Confidentiality is preserved when unauthorized individuals cannot understand the data they might obtain. Encryption accomplishes this by mathematically scrambling plaintext into ciphertext and requiring the proper decryption key to reverse the process, so only approved parties regain access to the original information. Hashing produces fixed-length digests for integrity, redundancy supports availability, and logging records events for monitoring; none of these directly keep data secret from unauthorized viewers.
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