Which of the following combinations would satisfy the requirement for multi-factor authentication when logging into a secure system?
Retina scan and fingerprint scan
Smart card and fingerprint scan
Password and answer to a security question
Password and personal identification number (PIN)
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires credentials from at least two distinct factor categories: something you know, something you have, or something you are. A smart card represents something you have, while a fingerprint is something you are. Using both meets the MFA definition. The other choices pair factors from the same category-either two knowledge factors (password and PIN, password and security question) or two biometric factors (retina scan and fingerprint)-so they do not constitute MFA.
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