Which encryption approach uses two mathematically related keys-one public and one private-for encryption and decryption, making it slower but eliminating the need to share a secret key over an untrusted network?
Symmetric encryption
Hashing
Steganography
Asymmetric encryption
Asymmetric encryption (public-key cryptography) employs a key pair: the sender encrypts data with the recipient's public key, and only the corresponding private key can decrypt it. Because no shared secret travels across the network, the key-distribution problem of symmetric encryption is avoided. However, the complex mathematics involved (e.g., modular exponentiation) makes asymmetric operations noticeably slower than symmetric algorithms. Symmetric encryption instead relies on the same secret key for both operations, while hashing produces fixed-length digests, and steganography hides data without formal encryption.
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