In multi-factor authentication implementations, which one of the following items is regarded as a "something you know" authentication factor?
A one-time code generated by a hardware token
A complex password stored in memory
A fingerprint matched by a biometric scanner
An RFID-enabled access card
Authentication factors are grouped by the type of evidence they supply about a claimed identity. "Something you know" refers strictly to knowledge that only the legitimate user should possess and be able to reproduce from memory. A memorized secret such as a password or PIN fits this definition because it relies solely on the user's knowledge. By contrast, a one-time hardware token code represents "something you have," a fingerprint is "something you are," and an RFID access card is also "something you have." These alternatives rely on possession or inherent physical traits rather than knowledge, so they do not satisfy the "something you know" category.
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