GCP Professional Cloud Architect Practice Question

Your retail platform currently runs a 6-TB PostgreSQL database on-premises. After expanding to customers in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific, leadership requires: a single globally consistent write endpoint, automatic sharding to petabyte scale, ANSI SQL transactions, the ability to serve strongly consistent reads with low latency from replicas in each region (typically tens of milliseconds), and a 99.999 % availability SLA across regions, while remaining fully managed. Which Google Cloud managed database best satisfies these requirements with minimal operational effort?

Create a multi-regional Cloud Spanner instance and migrate the schema and data.
Use Bigtable with multi-cluster routing to serve traffic from the three continents.
Deploy Memorystore for Redis with regional failover enabled in each geography.
Migrate to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL and add cross-region read replicas in Europe and Asia-Pacific.

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Answer Description

Cloud Spanner is Google Cloud's fully managed, horizontally scalable relational database. A multi-regional Spanner instance provides a single global endpoint for reads and writes, synchronous replication with strong consistency, automatic sharding to petabyte scale, and a 99.999 % SLA when deployed across at least three regions. It supports ANSI-compliant SQL and ACID transactions, and follower reads typically return data within a few tens of milliseconds after a commit, providing low-latency regional access.

Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL is limited to one primary region, scales mainly vertically, and offers a maximum 99.95 % availability SLA even with cross-region read replicas that are eventually consistent. Bigtable delivers massive throughput but is a wide-column NoSQL store without ANSI SQL or multi-row transactional guarantees. Memorystore for Redis is an in-memory cache, not a durable relational database.

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