Compiled programming languages are translated into machine code before execution, which typically allows the program to run with higher performance. The machine code is specific to the architecture of the computer's processor and allows the program to run directly on the hardware. Interpreted languages are executed by an interpreter at runtime, which can introduce overhead and generally result in slower performance. Query languages are designed for data manipulation and retrieval from databases and are not used for general-purpose software development. Markup languages are used to annotate text for formatting and are not compiled into executable programs.