Which of the following provides an example of direct/manual access that allows a user to interact with a database without relying on application code or scheduled automation?
Typing SQL commands in a database command-line interface (e.g., the MySQL shell)
Writing application code that uses an API to call the database
Scheduling an automated import job via a batch script
Restoring data from an encrypted database backup file
Typing commands in an interactive database shell (such as the MySQL or PostgreSQL command-line client) is considered direct/manual access because the user issues SQL statements directly to the DBMS in real time. The remaining options involve programmatic access, backup or restore utilities, or automated jobs, none of which fall under direct/manual access.
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