A financial services firm is developing an advanced AI assistant to help analysts review large volumes of legal contracts. The system must first interpret complex, free-form analyst queries, such as, "Summarize the key liabilities for all agreements with ACME Corp signed after 2022". After processing the request and extracting the relevant information from the documents, the system must then present its findings in a clear, coherent paragraph. Which two NLP applications are most representative of the core functions for interpreting the analyst's request and then generating the final output?
Speech Recognition and Speech Generation
Named-Entity Recognition (NER) and Text Summarization
Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG)
The correct answer involves identifying the two primary NLP applications responsible for understanding a user's request and creating a new textual response. Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is the application focused on machine reading comprehension, which allows the system to decipher the intent and entities within the analyst's complex query. Natural Language Generation (NLG) is the application that takes structured information-in this case, the extracted findings from the contracts-and synthesizes it into human-readable text, such as the final summary paragraph.
Named-Entity Recognition (NER) and Text Summarization are incorrect because they represent intermediate steps in the process. While the system would certainly use NER to identify "ACME Corp" and dates, and Text Summarization might be part of the analysis, NLU is the specific application that interprets the initial query's intent, and NLG is what constructs the final output from the processed data.
Question-Answering and Sentiment Analysis are also incorrect. Question-Answering describes the overall goal of the system, not the specific components for interpreting input and generating output. Sentiment Analysis would be a task performed on the documents to assess risk, but it is not central to understanding the analyst's request or generating the final response.
Speech Recognition and Speech Generation are incorrect as the scenario describes a text-based interaction (queries and paragraphs), not a voice-based one.
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Why are Named-Entity Recognition (NER) and Text Summarization not sufficient for this use case?