A data-science team at an e-commerce analytics firm plans to purchase a corpus of historical product-review text that is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0. They want to fine-tune a large-language model with the corpus and then expose the model's sentiment-analysis predictions through a paid public API. Which licensing restriction specifically prevents the team from moving forward with this plan?
The Attribution (BY) condition that requires credit be given to the original data publisher
The No-Derivatives (ND) clause prohibiting creation and distribution of derivative works such as a fine-tuned model
The CC0 public-domain dedication that removes all copyright restrictions from the data
The NonCommercial (NC) clause limiting use of the dataset to non-revenue-generating activities
The CC BY-ND license carries a No-Derivatives (ND) restriction. ND forbids recipients from creating any derivative work based on the licensed material and subsequently sharing or commercializing that derivative. A machine-learning model whose parameters were updated (fine-tuned) using the review corpus is considered a derivative work of that corpus. Because the team would both create the derivative (the trained model) and make it available through a paid API, the ND clause blocks their intended use. The NonCommercial (NC) condition is not present in a BY-ND license, so commercial activity alone is not the issue. The Attribution (BY) requirement simply mandates credit and does not prohibit training or commercialization, and a CC0 dedication would impose no such limits.
Ask Bash
Bash is our AI bot, trained to help you pass your exam. AI Generated Content may display inaccurate information, always double-check anything important.
What does the No-Derivatives (ND) clause in a CC BY-ND 4.0 license mean?
Open an interactive chat with Bash
Why is a fine-tuned machine-learning model considered a derivative work?
Open an interactive chat with Bash
What types of works are allowed under the Attribution (BY) condition of a CC BY-ND license?