You are in charge of deploying an application that must access a database using specific credentials. The deployment requires setting environment variables that the application will utilize at runtime. How should you securely store and supply these database access details to the application?
Use a configuration management service with KMS to store the database credentials and control access through roles.
Implement environment variables in the application source code with encryption logic that decrypts these values on initialization.
Encrypt the database credentials and include them in the versioned application configuration, decrypting them with a stored key when the application starts.
Adopt a managed secrets management service to handle the database credentials and dynamically provide them to the application when needed.