Which relational database design technique organizes data so that each non-key attribute depends only on the primary key, thereby reducing duplicate data and preventing update and delete anomalies?
Denormalization
Database sharding (horizontal partitioning)
Indexing
Normalization
The technique is called normalization. By applying successive normal forms, designers remove repeating groups, partial dependencies, and transitive dependencies so that each fact is stored once and referenced through keys. This minimizes redundancy and avoids anomalies during insert, update, or delete operations. Denormalization intentionally re-introduces redundancy to improve read performance, while indexing and sharding improve performance and scalability rather than logical data integrity.
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