Microsoft Fabric Data Engineer Associate DP-700 Practice Question
You are configuring a Kusto Query Language (KQL) statement in a Microsoft Fabric Real-Time Analytics database. Incoming IoT telemetry includes a TimeGenerated column that stores the event time. The requirement is to calculate the average temperature for each device over the latest ten-minute period, and to refresh the result every minute so dashboard users always see the most recent rolling ten-minute average. Which KQL windowing function should you apply in the summarize clause to meet these requirements?
Use session_window() with a 10-minute inactivity timeout.
Use hop() (hopping window) with a 10-minute window length and a 1-minute hop size.
Use bin(TimeGenerated, 1m) in combination with an aggregate over the last 10 bins.
Because the business needs a continuously refreshed ten-minute rolling window that advances every minute, you need a hopping (sliding) window. In Kusto, the hop() (or hopping()) windowing function defines windows of a specified length that move forward by a given step. Specifying a window length of 10 minutes and a hop size of 1 minute returns overlapping windows that each cover the last ten minutes and start every minute, providing the required near-real-time rolling averages.
A tumbling window produces non-overlapping periods, so results update only every ten minutes, not every minute. A session window groups events by periods of activity separated by idle gaps, which does not satisfy the fixed-size rolling requirement. The bin() function merely rounds timestamps into fixed buckets and lacks the ability to specify a hop interval for overlapping windows.
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Microsoft Fabric Data Engineer Associate DP-700
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