AWS Certified Data Engineer Associate DEA-C01 Practice Question

A retail company has built a serverless data pipeline that includes several AWS Lambda functions, an AWS Step Functions state machine, and an Amazon DynamoDB table. The data engineering team must create a repeatable CI/CD process that automatically packages application code, uploads deployment artifacts to Amazon S3, and deploys the stack to development, test, and production with change-set review and automatic rollback. They want to stay within AWS-managed tooling and avoid writing custom deployment scripts. Which solution should the team implement to meet these requirements?

Zip the Lambda function code, upload it manually to S3 for each environment, and create the Step Functions state machine and DynamoDB table through the AWS Management Console.
Develop the pipeline in AWS Cloud9 and use the eb deploy command to push the application to separate AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments for dev, test, and prod.
Create an AWS Glue workflow that copies the Lambda functions, Step Functions definition, and DynamoDB table to each account and invokes AWS CLI commands through Glue jobs for deployment.
Use the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) CLI in a CodePipeline stage to run sam build and sam deploy, which packages the artifacts to S3 and deploys the resources as a CloudFormation stack with change-set support.

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Answer Description

AWS SAM treats serverless resources such as Lambda, Step Functions, and DynamoDB as declarative infrastructure in a template. The sam build command gathers code and dependencies, sam package (or sam deploy) uploads the artifacts to an S3 bucket, and the SAM CLI then creates or updates a CloudFormation stack. When integrated with AWS CodePipeline or invoked from a developer workstation, CloudFormation automatically generates change sets and supports rollback, giving the team a fully managed, repeatable CI/CD workflow. The other options either require manual actions (console uploads), use services not intended for application deployment (AWS Glue workflows), or rely on Elastic Beanstalk, which does not manage Step Functions or DynamoDB resources and therefore cannot deploy the entire pipeline.

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