AWS Certified Data Engineer Associate DEA-C01 Practice Question

A data engineering team is building a data pipeline that uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams, several AWS Lambda functions, an AWS Step Functions workflow, and Amazon DynamoDB. The team needs a repeatable CI/CD process that will automatically build, test, and deploy both application code and AWS resources to dev, test, and prod environments, while providing version control and one-click rollback with minimal operational effort. Which solution best meets these requirements?

Store the pipeline's code in AWS CodeCommit and configure Amazon Kinesis Producer Library (KPL) notifications to invoke Lambda functions that redeploy the resources when a commit occurs.
Define the pipeline's resources in an AWS SAM template and have an AWS CodePipeline pipeline invoke a CodeBuild stage that runs sam build and sam deploy, creating versioned CloudFormation stacks for each environment.
Use AWS Glue Workflows with time-based triggers to run jobs that copy updated artifacts to each environment and recreate the pipeline's resources.
Host a Jenkins server on Amazon EC2 that executes shell scripts using the AWS CLI to update Lambda code and create DynamoDB tables manually for each environment.

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Answer Description

AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM) allows you to define Lambda functions, Step Functions state machines, Kinesis streams, DynamoDB tables, and the required IAM roles in a single template that is transformed into an AWS CloudFormation stack. Integrating SAM with AWS CodePipeline and a CodeBuild stage enables fully managed build, test, and deployment workflows across multiple environments. Each deployment produces a versioned CloudFormation stack, giving the team automatic change tracking and the ability to roll back with one action. The other options either require significant manual scripting and maintenance (Jenkins on Amazon EC2), misuse AWS Glue Workflow for deployment tasks, or rely on ad-hoc event triggers that do not provide infrastructure as code, automated testing, or reliable rollback capabilities.

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