AWS Certified Data Engineer Associate DEA-C01 Practice Question
A company has three AWS Lambda functions that perform extract, transform, and load (ETL) steps on customer data. Each function must run only after the previous one completes successfully, and the workflow must automatically retry transient failures with exponential backoff while keeping operational overhead low. Which approach meets these requirements with the least amount of custom code?
Place the payload in an Amazon SQS queue and have each Lambda function poll the queue; the next function writes a new message after it finishes.
Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that invokes the three Lambda functions in sequence and configures retry and catch policies.
Configure Amazon EventBridge Scheduler rules with cron expressions to trigger each Lambda function one minute apart.
Merge all logic into a single, larger Lambda function and invoke it once per run using an EventBridge rule.
AWS Step Functions is purpose-built for orchestrating serverless workflows. A state machine can invoke each Lambda function in sequence, define retry behavior (including exponential backoff), and add catch blocks for failure handling-without any additional infrastructure or custom scheduling code. EventBridge Scheduler can trigger functions on a schedule but cannot enforce dependencies or manage retries across multi-step workflows. Amazon SQS provides message queuing rather than step-level orchestration, so dependencies and retries would have to be coded in the Lambda functions themselves. Combining the three steps into a single Lambda removes visibility into individual stages, increases deployment risk, and still requires custom retry logic. Therefore, using Step Functions provides the required orchestration with minimal code and operational overhead.
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AWS Certified Data Engineer Associate DEA-C01
Data Ingestion and Transformation
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