A healthcare provider loads patient encounter records into a Snowflake data warehouse every hour. The data team already has automated monitors that alert on row-count volume, table freshness, and schema changes. They now want to be warned if the relative frequency of ICD-10 diagnosis codes drifts gradually over several days-something that could skew epidemiological trend reports but would not break the pipeline outright. Which additional automated data-quality monitor would most directly address this requirement?
A regex validation that ensures each diagnosis_code matches the pattern [A-Z][0-9][0-9].[0-9]
A statistical distribution monitor that compares current diagnosis-code frequencies with historical baselines and alerts on significant deviations
A referential-integrity check that confirms every encounter links to an existing patient_id in the patient table
A not-null percentage rule that triggers when the diagnosis_code column contains more than 1% NULL values
A monitor that compares the current statistical distribution of diagnosis-code values with a historical baseline is designed to surface gradual drift. By tracking metrics such as frequencies, mean, variance, or standard deviation over time, the monitor can issue alerts when the distribution shifts beyond an acceptable confidence band. Static checks like NOT-NULL rules, regex format validation, or referential-integrity tests each protect other quality dimensions (completeness, syntactic validity, relational consistency) but will not detect a legitimate yet drifting pattern of values. Therefore, the distribution-based anomaly-detection monitor best satisfies the requirement.
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