A data analyst is building an ETL script and has written a function to standardize phone numbers from various international formats into a single, consistent format. Before integrating this function into the larger script that will process millions of records, the analyst wants to validate that the function works correctly for a predefined set of sample inputs and edge cases.
Which data quality assurance practice is the analyst performing?
The correct answer is a unit test. A unit test is the practice of testing the smallest individual component of code, such as a function or a single query, in isolation to ensure it behaves as expected. In this scenario, the analyst is testing a single function before integrating it into the larger ETL script.
A stress test is incorrect because it is used to evaluate a system's performance under extreme load, not to test the logical correctness of a single component with sample data.
A user acceptance test (UAT) is incorrect because it is typically performed by end-users to validate that the overall system meets business requirements, which happens much later in the development process.
Requirement testing is a broad activity that ensures a system meets documented specifications. While a unit test is a part of this, 'unit test' is the most specific and accurate term for the developer's action of testing a single function in isolation.
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CompTIA Data+ DA0-002 (V2)
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