Which load-balancing approach operates at the transport layer (OSI Layer 4), distributing traffic based solely on IP addresses and TCP/UDP port numbers without inspecting application-layer payloads?
DNS round-robin
Content delivery network (CDN)
Network (Layer 4) load balancer
Application (Layer 7) load balancer
A Network (Layer 4) load balancer makes forwarding decisions using only transport-layer information-source and destination IP addresses and TCP/UDP ports-so it can route traffic quickly without parsing application data. Application (Layer 7) load balancers, CDNs, and DNS round-robin methods all rely on higher-level information or operate outside the transport layer, so they do not match the description.
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