During a security review, an engineering team developing a distributed microservices application is asked how they will protect sensitive customer records that traverse public and private networks between services. Which of the following measures ensures that the contents of each network packet remain unreadable to anyone who captures the traffic?
Permit logins only from fixed IP addresses
Store user entries using a hashing algorithm
Block suspicious connections with a firewall
Implement Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption on all service-to-service requests
Applying Transport Layer Security (TLS) encrypts the data stream so that an eavesdropper sees only ciphertext; the recipient with the session keys can restore the plaintext. Hashing creates a one-way fingerprint that verifies integrity, not confidentiality. Firewalls and IP-based access rules restrict who connects but leave any intercepted packets in clear text.
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