Analyzing the correlation between exploit signatures and network traffic is the best method to determine the actual exploited vulnerability. This involves examining the network traffic for patterns or signatures that are known to be associated with specific exploits. This approach not only confirms whether an exploit took place but also links the exploit directly to the corresponding vulnerability. Reviewing CVE databases, while necessary, doesn’t confirm which vulnerability was exploited. Examining less secure network paths can uncover potential vulnerabilities but does not conclusively determine if and how they were exploited. Verifying patch levels may reveal missing patches but does not necessarily identify the actual exploited vulnerability.