Which security testing technique is MOST effective for uncovering time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerabilities during software development?
Race-condition stress testing
Dependency scanning
Fuzzing
Static code analysis (SAST)
Static code analysis (also called static application security testing, or SAST) is the most effective early-stage technique for identifying TOCTOU vulnerabilities. SAST tools analyze control- and data-flow paths without executing the code and can flag patterns in which a resource is checked and later used without proper synchronization. Fuzzing occasionally triggers timing windows but is largely input-focused and nondeterministic for race conditions. Stress or race-condition tests can help at run time but are harder to automate comprehensively and usually come later in the lifecycle. Dependency scanning only reports known flaws in third-party components and does not examine an application's internal logic.
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