What cryptographic attack attempts to find inputs that produce the same hash value?
Man-in-the-middle attack
Birthday attack
Known plaintext attack
Replay attack
The correct answer is Birthday attack. A birthday attack is a specific type of cryptographic attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday paradox to find collisions in hash functions-that is, two different inputs that produce the same hash value (output).
Known plaintext attack is incorrect because this attack is used against encryption algorithms when an attacker has samples of both plaintext and its encrypted version.
Man-in-the-middle attack is incorrect because this involves intercepting communications between two parties, not finding hash collisions.
Replay attack is incorrect because this involves validly capturing data and retransmitting it to trick the receiver, not finding hash collisions.
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