A financial services company is evaluating a new technology that uses homomorphic encryption. The goal is to allow its data science team to perform analytics on sensitive customer datasets in a public cloud environment without ever decrypting the data. This security control is primarily designed to protect which state of data?
Data in use
Data in backup
Data in transit
Data at rest
Homomorphic encryption is an advanced cryptographic method that allows for computations to be performed directly on ciphertext. The result of the computation remains encrypted and, when decrypted, is identical to the result of operations performed on the plaintext. This technique specifically protects 'data in use' because the data remains encrypted while it is being actively processed in memory or by the CPU. While other controls like volume encryption protect 'data at rest' and protocols like TLS protect 'data in transit', the unique function of homomorphic encryption is to secure data during processing. 'Data in backup' is a form of data at rest.
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