A financial institution has experienced a data breach involving customer credit card information. Both internal management and law enforcement have been notified. Which type of investigation would require the highest standard of evidence collection and preservation?
Regulatory investigation
Administrative investigation
Criminal investigation
Civil investigation
In this scenario, a criminal investigation would require the highest standard of evidence collection and preservation. Criminal investigations are conducted when laws may have been broken and are typically led by law enforcement agencies. They require the 'beyond reasonable doubt' standard of proof, which is higher than the standards for other investigation types. Evidence must be meticulously collected, preserved, and documented to maintain its admissibility in court and establish a proper chain of custody.
Administrative investigations are internal to an organization and have less stringent requirements. Civil investigations deal with disputes between parties and require a 'preponderance of evidence' standard, which is lower than criminal cases. Regulatory investigations focus on compliance with industry regulations, while industry standards investigations examine adherence to established best practices. Both have their own evidence requirements but they are not as stringent as criminal investigations.
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