A prolonged second stage (or overall prolonged labor) can lead to urinary retention and repeated vaginal examinations, both of which promote bacterial ascent into the bladder. Studies show the odds of postpartum infection, including UTI, rise steadily as the second stage exceeds one hour. Early ambulation, good perineal hygiene, and breastfeeding do not increase UTI risk and may be protective or unrelated.
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BCEN CEN
Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Gynecology, and Obstetrical
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