A 32-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after a high-speed motor-vehicle collision. She is hemodynamically stable but complains of worsening diffuse abdominal pain. On inspection, the abdomen is mildly distended. Which physical examination finding would most strongly suggest a gastrointestinal perforation requiring immediate surgical consultation?
Ecchymosis in the flanks (Grey Turner sign)
Localized ecchymosis across the lower abdomen (seatbelt sign)
High-pitched, tinkling bowel sounds without tenderness
Diffuse abdominal guarding with rebound tenderness
Diffuse guarding with rebound tenderness indicates irritation of the parietal peritoneum. After blunt abdominal trauma, this combination strongly points to peritonitis caused by leakage of intestinal contents from a hollow-viscus injury and warrants urgent imaging and surgical evaluation. Seatbelt abrasions, Grey Turner sign, or high-pitched bowel sounds can accompany abdominal trauma but are less specific for perforation because they may occur with contusion, retroperitoneal hemorrhage, or bowel obstruction without transmural injury.
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BCEN CEN
Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Gynecology, and Obstetrical
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