A 16-year-old female with a history of cyclic vomiting syndrome presents to the ED during an acute episode. She has been vomiting for 12 hours and appears dehydrated. Her mother reports that the patient's usual triggers include stress and menses, but this episode started without any apparent trigger. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step in management?
The correct answer is to administer sumatriptan nasal spray. While IV fluids and antiemetics are important in managing cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), sumatriptan has shown efficacy in aborting CVS episodes, especially when administered early. Sumatriptan, a 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, is particularly effective in patients with CVS plus, a subtype associated with migraine features or family history.
Ondansetron is a commonly used antiemetic but is not as effective in aborting CVS episodes as sumatriptan. Lorazepam can help with associated anxiety but is not the primary treatment for the vomiting itself. Propranolol is used for prophylaxis in some CVS patients but is not appropriate for acute episode management.
It's important to note that while sumatriptan is off-label for CVS, it has demonstrated effectiveness in clinical practice and is recommended by experts in CVS management, particularly for adolescents and adults with migraine features.
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BCEN CEN
Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Gynecology, and Obstetrical
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