Which of the following authentication configurations qualifies as true multi-factor authentication (MFA) because it uses two different factor categories (knowledge, possession, inherence)?
Password and PIN code
Password and hardware token
Fingerprint scan and facial recognition
Username and password
MFA requires at least two different factor categories. A password is a knowledge factor. A hardware token (such as a security key or one-time-password fob) is a possession factor. Combining them satisfies the requirement for MFA.
The other choices either use only one factor category (password and PIN are both knowledge; fingerprint and facial recognition are both inherence) or provide only a single authentication step (username and password alone).
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